The Endothelium in Hypertension: A Short Review by Heitor Moreno in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences
The Endothelium in Hypertension: A Short Review by Heitor Moreno in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences Abstract Keywords: Endothelium, hypertension, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, arterial stiffness, myocardial ischemia, resistant hypertension INTRODUCTION Due to its high prevalence and the severity of its complications, hypertension is the leading independent and modifiable risk factor in cardiovascular disease. However, despite the significant advances in understanding the disease process and the availability of effective diagnosis and treatment methods, identifying the actual cause is still a considerable challenge. Over the last three decades, the accumulation of evidence from experiments and clinical trials suggests that primary hypertension (95% of cases) results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Association studies have identified the involvement of polymorphisms in se...